Paraquat

TC&FORMULATION: 42%TKL, 20%SL, 250G/L SL

Structure Formula: 

NOMENCLATURE

paraquat

Common name paraquat (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, WSSA, JMAF); no name (Germany)

IUPAC name 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinediium; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium 

Chemical Abstracts name 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium 

CAS RN [4685-14-7]  EEC no. 225-141-7 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

paraquat dichloride

Composition Not normally isolated from the tech. products, which are >95% pure.  Mol. wt. 257.2  M.f. C12H14Cl2N2  Form Colourless, hygroscopic crystals.  M.p. Decomposes at c. 340 ºC  V.p. <1 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 °C)  KOW logP = -4.5 (20 °C)  Henry <4 ´ 10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.24-1.26 (20 ºC)  Solubility In water c. 620 g/l (20 ºC). Practically insoluble in most organic solvents.  Stability Stable in neutral and acidic media, but readily hydrolysed in alkaline media. Photochemically decomposed by u.v. irradiation in aqueous solution. 

paraquat

Mol. wt. 186.3  M.f. C12H14N2 

APPLICATIONS

paraquat dichloride

Biochemistry During photosynthesis, superoxide is generated, which damages cell membranes and cytoplasm.  Mode of action Non-selective contact herbicide, absorbed by the foliage, with some translocation in the xylem.  Uses Broad-spectrum control of broad-leaved weeds and grasses in fruit orchards (including citrus), plantation crops (bananas, coffee, cocoa palms, coconut palms, oil palms, rubber, etc.), vines, olives, tea, alfalfa, onions, leeks, sugar beet, asparagus, ornamental trees and shrubs, in forestry, etc. Also used for general weed control on non-crop land; as a defoliant for cotton and hops; for destruction of potato haulms; as a desiccant for pineapples, sugar cane, soya beans, and sunflowers; for strawberry runner control; in pasture renovation; and for control of aquatic weeds. For control of annual weeds, applied at 0.4-1.0 kg/ha. Formulation types SL.  Compatibility Incompatible with alkaline materials, anionic surfactants, and clay-containing inert materials.

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